Publication Ethics Policy

1. Purpose and Scope

Numanlu adopts the ethical, transparent, and reliable production of academic knowledge and its publication through an open-access model as a core principle. This Publication Ethics Policy defines the ethical responsibilities of authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher and applies to all academic content published by Numanlu.

Numanlu follows the principles and guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

2. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors must:

  • Declare that their submissions are original, have not been published previously, and are not under review elsewhere.
  • Accurately acknowledge all author contributions; ghost, gift, or honorary authorship is not permitted. Authorship disputes are addressed with consideration of the parties involved and, where appropriate, in accordance with COPE guidance.
  • Cite all sources in accordance with accepted academic standards.
  • Disclose any conflicts of interest and sources of financial support.
  • Obtain appropriate ethical approvals or permissions for studies that require them.

3. Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for:

  • Ensuring a fair, impartial, and confidential editorial and review process.
  • Making publication decisions based solely on scholarly quality, originality, and ethical compliance.
  • Recusing themselves from editorial processes where a conflict of interest exists and, where appropriate, ensuring that another editor handles the matter.
  • Managing suspected ethical issues in accordance with COPE guidelines.

4. Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers must:

  • Provide objective, constructive, and timely evaluations.
  • Maintain strict confidentiality regarding manuscript content.
  • Declare any conflicts of interest or limitations in expertise.
  • Not use information obtained during the review process for personal or professional advantage.

5. Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct

Numanlu places strong emphasis on preventing plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, redundant or duplicate publication, and other forms of academic misconduct, and addresses identified cases in accordance with relevant ethical principles and procedures. Submissions may be screened using plagiarism detection tools. Suspected cases are handled in line with COPE flowcharts.

6. Conflicts of Interest

Authors, editors, and reviewers are required to disclose any financial, institutional, personal, or other conflicts of interest that could influence the publication or review process.

Where a conflict of interest exists, appropriate measures are taken to protect the independence and impartiality of the editorial process.

7. Ethical Oversight and Research Integrity

Numanlu expects research involving human or animal participants, personal data, or other ethical considerations to comply with relevant ethical principles, applicable regulations, and required institutional approvals.

Where serious concerns regarding ethical compliance arise, Numanlu may conduct an appropriate investigation and take action in accordance with COPE guidance where applicable.

8. Complaints, Appeals, and Ethical Concerns

Authors, reviewers, or readers may submit written complaints or appeals regarding editorial decisions, review processes, or ethical concerns. All submissions are handled confidentially, impartially, and in accordance with COPE principles.

9. Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

If significant errors or ethical concerns are identified in published content, corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern may be issued. All actions are conducted transparently and communicated publicly.

10. Use of Artificial Intelligence and Automated Tools

The use of artificial intelligence and automated tools must comply with the rules established by the relevant publication or journal and with principles of academic integrity.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors. Authors are responsible for disclosing the nature and extent of AI tools used in preparing their work, where required by the relevant publication or journal.

Editors and reviewers must not submit confidential content to AI tools or third-party systems during the evaluation process and must preserve their confidentiality obligations.

11. Ethical Communication

For all publication ethics–related concerns, complaints, or inquiries:
→ [email protected]

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